ADAM-12, also known as Meltrin-?, was first described as a protein participating in myoblast fusion, similar to sperm-egg fusion aided by ADAMs 1 and 2. Later works describe two forms of ADAM-12: ADAM-12-S and ADAM-12-L (short and long forms). The short form is a soluble, alternatively spliced form lacking the transmembrane and Cytoplasmic domains. The short form of ADAM-12 was reported to provoke myogenesis, and the lack of Cytoplasmic domain suggests different regulation pathways (although both forms can be expressed in the same tissue). Other papers investigated SH3 ligand domains in the Cytoplasmic portion of ADAM-12, demonstrating regulation routes for ADAM-12 via Src and Src tyrosine kinase. ADAM-12 is thought to have more limited expression than the other ADAMs originally described in myoblasts (ADAM-9, ADAM-19), and is found mostly in muscle and bone (although placenta, osteoblasts and many tumor cell lines express ADAM-12). ADAM-12 may also act as a cell-attachment molecule, by binding integrins through the cysteine-rich domain. A member of the metalloproteinase family containing disintegrin-like domains (ADAMs), the functions of ADAM-12 are still poorly understood. ADAM-12 contains the canonical HExxHxxxxxH zinc metalloproteinase motif, and has been shown to be proteolytically active. Other ADAMs family members (ADAM-10, ADAM-17) have been more thoroughly studied, and are known to play key roles in inflammation, growth factor maturation and release, and a wide range of other functions. The full length ADAM-12 sequence codes for a 909 amino acid protein. Predicted mass is 99.5 kDa, but glycosylation and cyteine-rich regions make the reduced protein run at 114 kDa unprocessed, and 84 kDa processed forms. The soluble ADAM-12 is a 738 AA sequence, predicted at 80.5 kDa, and is seen as a 92 kDa zymogen, and 68 kDa furin processed form. RP3-ADAM-12 recognizes bands of 116 kDa (minor band), 92 kDa (major band), and cleaved products at 68 kDa, 40 kDa in reduced Western blots of cell lysates. A recommended starting concentration for Western blots is 1:1,000 when using colorimetric substrates such as BCIP/NBT, and 1:5,000 for chemiluminescent substrates. Higher concentrations of antibody may be needed for samples from more distantly related species.

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