ADAM-12, also known as Meltrin-a, was first described as a protein participating in myoblast fusion, similar to sperm-egg fusion aided by ADAMs 1 and 2. Later works describe two forms of ADAM12: ADAM12-S and ADAM12-L (short and long forms). The short form is a soluble, alternatively spliced form lacking the transmembrane and Cytoplasmic domains. The short form of ADAM12 was reported to provoke myogenesis, and the lack of Cytoplasmic domain suggests different regulation pathways (although both forms can be expressed in the same tissue). Other papers investigated SH3 ligand domains in the Cytoplasmic portion of ADAM12, demonstrating regulation routes for ADAM12 via Src and Src tyrosine kinase. ADAM12 is thought to have more limited expression than the other ADAMs originally described in myoblasts (ADAM9, ADAM19), and is found mostly in muscle and bone (although placenta, osteoblasts and many tumor cell lines express ADAM12). ADAM12 may also act as a cell-attachment molecule, by binding integrins through the cysteine-rich domain. A member of the metalloproteinase family containing disintegrin-like domains (ADAMs) the functions of ADAM-12 are still poorly understood. ADAM-12 contains the canonical HExxHxxxxxH zinc metalloproteinase motif, and has been shown to be proteolytically active. Other ADAMs family members (ADAM-10, ADAM-17) have been more thoroughly studied, and are known to play key roles in inflammation, growth factor maturation and release, and a wide range of other functions. The full length ADAM12 sequence codes for a 909 amino acid protein. Predicted mass is 99.5 kD, but glycosylation and cyteine-rich regions make the reduced protein run at 114 kD unprocessed, and 84 kD processed forms. The soluble ADAM12 is a 738 AA sequence, predicted at 80.5 kD, and is seen as a 92 kD zymogen, and 68 kD furin processed form. RP2ADAM-12 recognizes bands of 116 kD (minor band), 92 kD (major band), and cleaved products at 68 kD, 40 kD in reduced Western blots of cell lysates. RP2ADAM-12 recognizes full length (ADAM-12L) but not soluble (ADAM12-S) form. A recommended starting concentration for Western blots is 1:1000 when using colorimetric substrates such as BCIP/NBT, and 1:5000 for chemiluminescent substrates. Higher concentrations of antibody may be needed for samples from more distantly related species.

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